{"id":9784,"date":"2024-07-03T11:26:45","date_gmt":"2024-07-03T14:26:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatlantic.ca\/?p=9784"},"modified":"2025-03-26T15:39:38","modified_gmt":"2025-03-26T18:39:38","slug":"les-lunes-selon-la-tradition-mikmaw","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatlantic.panchroma.dev\/fr\/blog\/les-lunes-selon-la-tradition-mikmaw\/","title":{"rendered":"Les lunes selon la tradition mi\u2019kmaw"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||3px|||” da_disable_devices=”off|off|off” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” da_is_popup=”off” da_exit_intent=”off” da_has_close=”on” da_alt_close=”off” da_dark_close=”off” da_not_modal=”on” da_is_singular=”off” da_with_loader=”off” da_has_shadow=”on”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Cr\u00e9dit photo : Adege de Pixabay\/Canva<\/p>\n

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Introduction<\/h1>\n

Le savoir traditionnel autochtone est une source importante d\u2019informations pour comprendre le climat. Les Mi\u2019kmaq ont v\u00e9cu pendant plus de 13 000 ans sur le territoire Mi\u2019kma\u2019ki, qui s\u2019\u00e9tend des fronti\u00e8res coloniales de la Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse, de l\u2019\u00cele-du-Prince-\u00c9douard, de l\u2019Est du Nouveau-Brunswick, de la p\u00e9ninsule gasp\u00e9sienne au Qu\u00e9bec, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 Terre-Neuve. La langue mi\u2019kmaw est \u00e9troitement li\u00e9e \u00e0 la nature et t\u00e9moigne d\u2019une profonde compr\u00e9hension des sch\u00e9mas \u00e9cologiques de cette r\u00e9gion. Le calendrier mi\u2019kmaw, bas\u00e9 sur les cycles lunaires, atteste cette connaissance intime du climat o\u00f9 chaque lune porte le nom d\u2019un indicateur biophysique important du passage des saisons.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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La pr\u00e9sente s\u00e9rie de publications explorera le calendrier mi\u2019kmaw du point de vue de l\u2019\u00e9volution du climat, en analysant notamment les tendances des donn\u00e9es climatiques li\u00e9es \u00e0 chaque lune. Les connaissances traditionnelles nous permettent de comprendre comment le climat diff\u00e8re d\u00e9j\u00e0 de ce qui \u00e9tait la norme dans la r\u00e9gion pendant des milliers d\u2019ann\u00e9es. L\u2019analyse des donn\u00e9es climatiques nous am\u00e8ne \u00e0 mieux appr\u00e9hender les changements \u00e0 venir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toutes les donn\u00e9es climatiques pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es proviennent des derni\u00e8res projections \u00e0 \u00e9chelle r\u00e9duite pour le Canada (CMIP6), accessibles sur le site <\/span>donneesclimatiques.ca<\/span><\/a>. Les valeurs sont les r\u00e9sultats m\u00e9dians pour des p\u00e9riodes moyennes de 30 ans, et sont g\u00e9ographiquement propres \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/climatlantic.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/First-Nations-Communities-Mikmaki.jpg” alt=”Une carte affichant et listant les noms des communaut\u00e9s des Premi\u00e8res nations \u00e0 Mi'kma'ki.” title_text=”Premi\u00e8res-Nations-Communaut\u00e9s-Mi'kma'ki” url=”https:\/\/climatlantic.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/First-Nations-Communities-Mikmaki.jpg” url_new_window=”on” _builder_version=”4.23.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”2px||13px|||” da_disable_devices=”off|off|off” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” da_is_popup=”off” da_exit_intent=”off” da_has_close=”on” da_alt_close=”off” da_dark_close=”off” da_not_modal=”on” da_is_singular=”off” da_with_loader=”off” da_has_shadow=”on”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”1px||2px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_heading title=”September” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”#FFFFFF” background_color=”#238ACA” background_enable_image=”off” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”8px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_heading][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”338.6px” custom_padding=”||25px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.25.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

In the Mi\u2019kmaw calendar, the September moon is known as Wikumkewiku\u2019s (we-goom-gay-we-goos), the mate calling moon. This period covers the approximate date range of September 7 to October 8. This time marks the rutting season for moose, with their behaviour including more frequent vocalized calls. Historically, this was the time when the Mi\u2019kmaq would migrate from summer camps by the seashore to winter camps located inland, closer to the moose.<\/span><\/p>\n

Some research indicates a warmer fall can delay moose breeding, as moose are less active on warm days to avoid overheating. In Wagmatcook First Nation, the average maximum temperature during the month of September was 18.1<\/span>\u00b0<\/span><\/span>C during the period 1951-1980. With climate change, maximum temperatures are already slightly warmer, averaging 18.7\u00b0<\/span><\/span>C during the period 1981-2010. The following table shows how the average maximum temperature in September is projected to change over time under both low and high emission scenarios for this area.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Image credit: pixabay\/PublicDomainImages\/Canva<\/span><\/p>\n

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Average maximum temperature in September
(Wagmatcook First Nation)<\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
Time period<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Low emissions<\/h5>\n
(SSP2-4.5)<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
\n
High emissions<\/h5>\n
(SSP5-8.5)<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1951-1980<\/span><\/td>\n18.1<\/span>\u00b0<\/span><\/span>C<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1981-2010<\/span><\/td>\n18.7\u00b0C<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2011-2040<\/span><\/td>\n19.9\u00b0C<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n20.0\u00b0C<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2041-2070<\/span><\/td>\n21.0\u00b0C<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n21.8\u00b0C<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2071-2100<\/span><\/td>\n21.9\u00b0C<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n24.7\u00b0C<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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The average daily high temperature in September may be nearly 4 degrees warmer by the end of the century under a low emissions scenario, and over 6 degrees warmer under a high emissions scenario. These warmer conditions could impact animal behaviour, particularly for species like moose that have a low tolerance to temperature stress.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”2px||13px|||” da_disable_devices=”off|off|off” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” da_is_popup=”off” da_exit_intent=”off” da_has_close=”on” da_alt_close=”off” da_dark_close=”off” da_not_modal=”on” da_is_singular=”off” da_with_loader=”off” da_has_shadow=”on”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”1px||2px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_heading title=”Ao\u00fbt” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”#FFFFFF” background_color=”#238ACA” background_enable_image=”off” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”8px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_heading][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”338.6px” custom_padding=”||25px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.25.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Selon le calendrier mi\u2019kmaw, la lune du mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt, appel\u00e9e Kisikewiku\u2019s (gis-ig-ay-we-goos), est la lune au cours de laquelle m\u00fbrissent les baies. Cette p\u00e9riode s\u2019\u00e9tend environ du 7 ao\u00fbt au 7 septembre. C\u2019est alors le moment o\u00f9 les petits fruits comme les bleuets et les framboises ont m\u00fbri et qu\u2019ils sont pr\u00eats pour la cueillette.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La saison sans gel, mesur\u00e9e en jours, repr\u00e9sente la dur\u00e9e moyenne de la saison de croissance au cours de laquelle il n\u2019y a pas de temp\u00e9rature sous z\u00e9ro susceptible d\u2019endommager les plantes sensibles au gel. Dans la Premi\u00e8re Nation de Fort Folly, la saison sans gel durait en moyenne 145 jours pendant la p\u00e9riode allant de 1951 \u00e0 1980. Dans la p\u00e9riode subs\u00e9quente, soit de 1981 \u00e0 2010, la dur\u00e9e de la saison sans gel a augment\u00e9 pour atteindre en moyenne 151 jours. Le tableau qui suit pr\u00e9sente une projection, au fil des ann\u00e9es, de la dur\u00e9e de la saison sans gel dans cette r\u00e9gion selon un mod\u00e8le de faibles \u00e9missions et d\u2019\u00e9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/climatlantic.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Wild-blueberries-klikk-Getty-Images-Canva-300×198.png” alt=”Un cormoran \u00e0 aigrettes se pare de ses plumes.” title_text=”Wild blueberries-klikk-Getty Images-Canva” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Cr\u00e9dit image: klikk\/Getty Images\/Canva<\/span><\/p>\n

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Longeur (en jours) de la saison sans gel
(Premi\u00e8re<\/span> nation de Fort Folly)<\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
P\u00e9riode<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Faibles \u00e9missions<\/h5>\n
(SSP2-4.5)<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u00c9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es (SSP5-8.5)<\/h5>\n
(SSP5-8.5)<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1951-1980<\/span><\/td>\n145<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1981-2010<\/span><\/td>\n151<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2011-2040<\/span><\/td>\n169<\/span><\/td>\n169<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2041-2070<\/span><\/td>\n182<\/span><\/td>\n189<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2071-2100<\/span><\/td>\n195<\/span><\/td>\n219<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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Warmer average temperatures result in a longer frost-free season. By the end of the century, the frost-free season in Fort Folly First Nation could extend by 50 days under a low emissions scenario, or by 74 days under a high emissions scenario. A longer growing season may present an opportunity to produce more food or grow different types of crops, but it also tends to increase the risk of damage from a variety of pests, diseases, or invasive species which may be better adapted to warmer growing conditions.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”2px||13px|||” da_disable_devices=”off|off|off” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” da_is_popup=”off” da_exit_intent=”off” da_has_close=”on” da_alt_close=”off” da_dark_close=”off” da_not_modal=”on” da_is_singular=”off” da_with_loader=”off” da_has_shadow=”on”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”1px||2px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_heading title=”Juillet” _builder_version=”4.25.2″ _module_preset=”default” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”#FFFFFF” background_color=”#238ACA” background_enable_image=”off” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”8px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_heading][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”338.6px” custom_padding=”||25px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.25.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Dans le calendrier mi\u2019kmaw, la lune de juillet se nomme Peskewiku\u2019s (bes-gay-we-goos), et c\u2019est la lune au cours de laquelle les oiseaux perdent leurs plumes. La p\u00e9riode s\u2019\u00e9tend environ du 6 juillet au 7 ao\u00fbt. C\u2019est le moment de l\u2019ann\u00e9e o\u00f9 de nombreux oiseaux perdent leurs plumes et les remplacent par la suite. Les plumes subissent une usure normale occasionn\u00e9e par les conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques, ce qui fait que les oiseaux doivent muer et produire de nouvelles plumes toutes duveteuses et saines. Cette mue survient d\u2019ordinaire vers le milieu ou la fin de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9, une p\u00e9riode o\u00f9 la nourriture est abondante entre les p\u00e9riodes plus stressantes de la nidification et de la migration.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Des alertes de chaleur sont commun\u00e9ment \u00e9mises lorsque les temp\u00e9ratures atteignent un seuil de pr\u00e8s de 30\u00b0<\/span>C, ce qui indique que les temp\u00e9ratures \u00e9lev\u00e9es peuvent causer un stress aux \u00eatres vivants. Dans la Premi\u00e8re Nation de Glooscap, il y a eu en moyenne deux jours par ann\u00e9e o\u00f9 les temp\u00e9ratures ont d\u00e9pass\u00e9 les 30\u00b0<\/span>C pendant la p\u00e9riode allant de 1951 \u00e0 1980. Les temp\u00e9ratures ont l\u00e9g\u00e8rement augment\u00e9 de 1981 \u00e0 2010, atteignant en moyenne trois jours. Le tableau ci-apr\u00e8s indique les changements projet\u00e9s du nombre de jours avec une temp\u00e9rature de plus de 30\u00b0<\/span>C au fil des ann\u00e9es, selon un sc\u00e9nario de faibles \u00e9missions et un sc\u00e9nario d\u2019\u00e9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es pour la r\u00e9gion.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/climatlantic.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/nstanev-Getty-Images-Canva-Mikmaw-Moons-July-CLIMAtlantic-300×240.png” alt=”Un cormoran \u00e0 aigrettes se pare de ses plumes.” title_text=”nstanev-Getty Images-Canva-Mi'kmaw Moons-July-CLIMAtlantic” _builder_version=”4.25.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.25.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Cr\u00e9dit photo : nstanev\/Getty Images\/Canva<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nombre de jours avec une temp\u00e9rature de plus de 30\u00b0C
(Premi\u00e8re Nation de Glooscap)<\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
P\u00e9riode<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Faibles \u00e9missions (SSP2-4.5)<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u00c9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es (SSP5-8.5)<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1951-1980<\/span><\/td>\n2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1981-2010<\/span><\/td>\n3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2011-2040<\/span><\/td>\n8<\/span><\/td>\n8<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2041-2070<\/span><\/td>\n14<\/span><\/td>\n21<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2071-2100<\/span><\/td>\n21<\/span><\/td>\n50<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Au fur et \u00e0 mesure de l\u2019augmentation des temp\u00e9ratures avec les changements climatiques, il y aura un accroissement substantiel du nombre de journ\u00e9es tr\u00e8s chaudes. D\u2019ici la fin du si\u00e8cle, il pourrait y avoir trois jours de temp\u00e9ratures au-dessus des 30\u00b0<\/span>C dans la Premi\u00e8re Nation de Glooscap si on envisage un sc\u00e9nario de faibles \u00e9missions, mais ce nombre pourrait grimper \u00e0 plus de sept semaines de temp\u00e9ratures tr\u00e8s chaudes dans l\u2019\u00e9ventualit\u00e9 d\u2019un sc\u00e9nario d\u2019\u00e9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es. Les temp\u00e9ratures tr\u00e8s chaudes influent sur la capacit\u00e9 des plantes et des animaux \u00e0 bien se d\u00e9velopper, mais elles ont aussi une incidence sur la sant\u00e9 des humains et des infrastructures. Il est probable que le stress caus\u00e9 par la chaleur pendant l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 pose commun\u00e9ment un probl\u00e8me aux humains ainsi qu\u2019aux animaux et aux plantes. <\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”2px||13px|||” da_disable_devices=”off|off|off” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” da_is_popup=”off” da_exit_intent=”off” da_has_close=”on” da_alt_close=”off” da_dark_close=”off” da_not_modal=”on” da_is_singular=”off” da_with_loader=”off” da_has_shadow=”on”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”1px||2px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_heading title=”Juin” _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”#FFFFFF” background_color=”#238ACA” background_enable_image=”off” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”8px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_heading][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”338.6px” custom_padding=”||25px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Selon le calendrier mi\u2019kmaw, la lune de juin est connue sous le nom de Nipniku\u2019s (nib-nee-goos), c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la lune au cours de laquelle les arbres sont en pleine feuillaison. Cette p\u00e9riode s\u2019\u00e9tend environ du 5 juin au 6 juillet. Comme les journ\u00e9es sont plus longues et les temp\u00e9ratures plus chaudes, c\u2019est le moment o\u00f9 les bourgeons des arbres s\u2019\u00e9panouissent pour former une nouvelle canop\u00e9e de feuilles.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Les degr\u00e9s-jours de croissance sont un moyen de mesurer si les conditions climatiques sont assez chaudes pour soutenir la croissance des plantes. Dans la Premi\u00e8re Nation Pabineau, il y a eu, pendant la p\u00e9riode de 1951 \u00e0 1980, une moyenne par ann\u00e9e de 1 568 degr\u00e9s-jours de croissance (avec une base de 5<\/span>o<\/span>C). Le nombre de degr\u00e9s-jours de croissance a ensuite augment\u00e9 pendant la p\u00e9riode allant de 1981 \u00e0 2010 pour atteindre une moyenne de 1 676 degr\u00e9s-jours de croissance. Le tableau qui suit illustre les changements projet\u00e9s pour ce qui est du nombre de degr\u00e9s-jours de croissance au fil du temps suivant un sc\u00e9nario de faibles \u00e9missions ou d\u2019\u00e9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es, et ce, pour cette r\u00e9gion. <\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/climatlantic.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/CLIMAtlantic-Mikmaw-Moons-June-famingjia-inventor-300×199.png” alt=”Les feuilles des arbres bourgeonnent” title_text=”CLIMAtlantic-Mi'kmaw-Moons-June-famingjia inventor” _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Cr\u00e9dit photo : famingjia inventor\/Pexels\/Canva<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”5px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”100%” module_alignment=”center” max_height=”1000px” border_color_all=”#FFFFFF” border_style_all=”none” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Nombre de degr\u00e9s-jours de croissance (base 5\u00baC)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

(Premi\u00e8re Nation Pabineau)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
P\u00e9riode<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Faibles \u00e9missions<\/h5>\n
(SSP2-4.5)<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u00c9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es<\/h5>\n
(SSP5-8.5)<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1951-1980<\/span><\/td>\n1568<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1981-2010<\/span><\/td>\n1676<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2011-2040<\/span><\/td>\n1913<\/span><\/td>\n1931<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2041-2070<\/span><\/td>\n2144<\/span><\/td>\n2313<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2071-2100<\/span><\/td>\n2320<\/span><\/td>\n2965<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.25.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

D\u2019ici la fin du si\u00e8cle, le nombre de degr\u00e9s-jours de croissance dans la r\u00e9gion de Pabineau pourrait augmenter d\u2019environ 50 % selon un sc\u00e9nario de faibles \u00e9missions ou grimper jusqu\u2019\u00e0 environ 90 % si on envisage un sc\u00e9nario d\u2019\u00e9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es. Il s\u2019agit l\u00e0 d\u2019une augmentation substantielle de l\u2019\u00e9nergie disponible pour la croissance des plantes, ce qui implique que certaines plantes pourraient commencer \u00e0 fleurir, \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des feuilles et \u00e0 produire des graines ou des fruits plus t\u00f4t dans l\u2019ann\u00e9e.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”2px||13px|||” da_disable_devices=”off|off|off” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” da_is_popup=”off” da_exit_intent=”off” da_has_close=”on” da_alt_close=”off” da_dark_close=”off” da_not_modal=”on” da_is_singular=”off” da_with_loader=”off” da_has_shadow=”on”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”1px||2px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_heading title=”Mai” _builder_version=”4.25.0″ _module_preset=”default” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”#FFFFFF” background_color=”#238ACA” background_enable_image=”off” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”8px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_heading][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”338.6px” custom_padding=”||25px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.25.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Dans le calendrier mi\u2019kmaw, la lune de mai est connue sous le nom de Sqoljuiku\u2019s (skoalch-ooh-we-goos), la lune du croassement de la grenouille. Cette p\u00e9riode s\u2019\u00e9tend du 5\u00a0mai au 5\u00a0juin environ. Sqolj signifie grenouille dans la langue mi\u2019kmaw, qui correspond \u00e0 ses croassements. C\u2019est le moment o\u00f9 les grenouilles et les crapauds entonnent leur chant printanier pour s\u2019attirer un partenaire. Leur comportement est motiv\u00e9 par le r\u00e9chauffement des temp\u00e9ratures et la hausse des pr\u00e9cipitations, ce qui cr\u00e9e de nouveaux \u00e9tangs et de nouvelles flaques o\u00f9 pondre leurs \u0153ufs en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La Premi\u00e8re Nation d\u2019Eskasoni a connu en moyenne 324\u00a0mm de pr\u00e9cipitations au printemps entre 1951 et 1980. Cette quantit\u00e9 est rest\u00e9e pratiquement la m\u00eame au cours de la p\u00e9riode 1981-2010, avec une moyenne de 325\u00a0mm. Le tableau qui suit illustre comment la quantit\u00e9 de pr\u00e9cipitations printani\u00e8res devrait \u00e9voluer avec le temps selon qu\u2019on envisage un sc\u00e9nario de faibles \u00e9missions ou d\u2019\u00e9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/climatlantic.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/24.05.01-Mikmaw-Moons-May-2-1024×681.png” alt=”Deux grenouilles vertes \u00e0 la surface d'un plan d'eau. La grenouille de devant gonfle ses joues.” title_text=”24.05.01-Mi'kmaw Moons May (2)” _builder_version=”4.25.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Cr\u00e9dit photo: AttaBoyLuther\/Getty Images Signature\/Canva<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”5px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.25.0″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”100%” module_alignment=”center” max_height=”1000px” border_color_all=”#FFFFFF” border_style_all=”none” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Pr\u00e9cipitations printani\u00e8res (mm)<\/h3>\n

(Premi\u00e8re Nation d\u2019Eskasoni)<\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
P\u00e9riode<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Faibles \u00e9missions<\/h5>\n
(SSP2-4.5)<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u00c9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es<\/h5>\n
(SSP5-8.5)<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1951-1980<\/span><\/td>\n324<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1981-2010<\/span><\/td>\n325<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2011-2040<\/span><\/td>\n339<\/td>\n343<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2041-2070<\/span><\/td>\n356<\/td>\n365<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2071-2100<\/span><\/td>\n355<\/td>\n371<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.25.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

L\u2019air plus chaud retient plus d\u2019humidit\u00e9, ce qui se traduit par des pr\u00e9cipitations typiques plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es dans toute la r\u00e9gion. D\u2019ici la fin du si\u00e8cle, les pr\u00e9cipitations printani\u00e8res \u00e0 Eskasoni pourraient augmenter d\u2019environ 10 % selon un sc\u00e9nario de faibles \u00e9missions, ou d\u2019environ 15 % selon un sc\u00e9nario d\u2019\u00e9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es. Une pluie accrue pourrait cr\u00e9er des conditions plus humides pour des cr\u00e9atures comme les grenouilles, mais les temp\u00e9ratures plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es augmentent \u00e9galement les taux d\u2019\u00e9vaporation, ce qui fait en sorte que les \u00e9tangs et les sols pourraient ass\u00e9cher plus rapidement.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”2px||13px|||” da_disable_devices=”off|off|off” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” da_is_popup=”off” da_exit_intent=”off” da_has_close=”on” da_alt_close=”off” da_dark_close=”off” da_not_modal=”on” da_is_singular=”off” da_with_loader=”off” da_has_shadow=”on”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”1px||2px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_heading title=”Avril” _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”#FFFFFF” background_color=”#238ACA” background_enable_image=”off” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”8px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_heading][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”338.6px” custom_padding=”||25px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Dans le calendrier mi\u2019kmaw, la lune d\u2019avril est connue sous le nom de Penatmuiku\u2019s (ben\u2011a\u2011dim\u2011ooh-we-goos), la lune au cours de laquelle les oiseaux pondent leurs \u0153ufs. Cette p\u00e9riode s\u2019\u00e9tend environ du 4 avril au 5 mai. C\u2019est aussi le moment o\u00f9 les oiseaux ramassent des brindilles, des brins d\u2019herbe et d\u2019autres mat\u00e9riaux pour b\u00e2tir et r\u00e9parer leurs nids en pr\u00e9paration de la ponte des \u0153ufs. La p\u00e9riode de nidification co\u00efncide souvent avec la disponibilit\u00e9 croissante des sources de nourriture comme des insectes qui commencent \u00e0 \u00e9merger en plus grand nombre avec la disparition des rigueurs de l\u2019hiver.<\/p>\n

La derni\u00e8re gel\u00e9e qui annonce le retour de temp\u00e9ratures plus chaudes est un autre indice de l\u2019arriv\u00e9e du printemps. Dans la Premi\u00e8re Nation de Lennox Island, le dernier gel du printemps s\u2019est produit autour du 9 mai pendant la p\u00e9riode de 1951 \u00e0 1980. Avec l\u2019av\u00e8nement des changements climatiques, le dernier gel se produit d\u00e9sormais plus t\u00f4t, le 4 mai \u00e9tant la date la plus habituelle pour la p\u00e9riode subs\u00e9quente de 1981 \u00e0 2010. Le tableau qui suit illustre comment la date du dernier gel du printemps devrait \u00e9voluer avec le temps dans cette r\u00e9gion selon qu\u2019on envisage un sc\u00e9nario de faibles \u00e9missions ou d\u2019\u00e9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/climatlantic.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/24.04.01-Mikmaw-Moons-Apr-300×240.png” alt=”Image de quatre \u0153ufs de merle bleu dans un nid brun entour\u00e9 de feuilles vertes.” title_text=”24.04.01-Mi'kmaw Moons Apr.” _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Cr\u00e9dit photo: AttaBoyLuther\/Getty Images Signature\/Canva<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”5px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.25.0″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”100%” module_alignment=”center” max_height=”1000px” border_color_all=”#FFFFFF” border_style_all=”none” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Date du dernier gel du printemps<\/h3>\n

(Premi\u00e8re Nation de Lennox Island)<\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
P\u00e9riode<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Faibles \u00e9missions (SSP2-4.5)<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u00c9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es (SSP5-8.5)<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1951-1980<\/span><\/td>\n9 mai<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1981-2010<\/span><\/td>\n4 mai<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2011-2040<\/span><\/td>\n29 avril<\/td>\n27 avril<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2041-2070<\/span><\/td>\n19 avril<\/td>\n15 avril<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2071-2100<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a014 avril<\/td>\n3 avril<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.25.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

La mont\u00e9e des temp\u00e9ratures continuera de faire avancer la date moyenne du dernier gel printanier plus t\u00f4t dans l\u2019ann\u00e9e. D\u2019ici la fin du si\u00e8cle, le dernier gel du printemps pourrait survenir jusqu\u2019\u00e0 trois semaines plus t\u00f4t selon un sc\u00e9nario de faibles \u00e9missions, et jusqu\u2019\u00e0 cinq semaines plus t\u00f4t selon qu\u2019on envisage un sc\u00e9nario d\u2019\u00e9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es. Les diverses esp\u00e8ces devront adapter leur comportement en fonction de ces changements. D\u2019ailleurs, certaines \u00e9tudes d\u00e9montrent que de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces d\u2019oiseaux ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 pondre leurs \u0153ufs plus t\u00f4t que dans le pass\u00e9.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”2px||13px|||” da_disable_devices=”off|off|off” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” da_is_popup=”off” da_exit_intent=”off” da_has_close=”on” da_alt_close=”off” da_dark_close=”off” da_not_modal=”on” da_is_singular=”off” da_with_loader=”off” da_has_shadow=”on”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”1px||2px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_heading title=”Mars” _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”#FFFFFF” background_color=”#238ACA” background_enable_image=”off” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”8px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_heading][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”338.6px” custom_padding=”||25px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Dans le calendrier mi\u2019kmaw, la lune du mois de mars est connue sous le nom de Siwkewiku\u2019s (see-uke-ay-we-goos), la lune du printemps que l\u2019on surnomme aussi la lune du sirop d\u2019\u00e9rable. Cette p\u00e9riode s\u2019\u00e9tend environ du 5 mars au 4 avril, soit la p\u00e9riode o\u00f9 les Mi\u2019kmaw distillaient la s\u00e8ve des \u00e9rables \u00e0 sucre, tradition qui \u00e9tait la leur bien avant l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des colons europ\u00e9ens. La coul\u00e9e de la s\u00e8ve dans les \u00e9rables \u00e0 sucre d\u00e9pend de la temp\u00e9rature. En r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, la temp\u00e9rature doit \u00eatre sous le point de cong\u00e9lation (0\u00b0<\/span>C) pendant la nuit et s\u2019\u00e9lever au-dessus du point de cong\u00e9lation le jour. Lorsque les temp\u00e9ratures de l\u2019air fluctuent entre le gel et le d\u00e9gel au cours d\u2019une m\u00eame journ\u00e9e, on parle d\u2019un cycle de gel-d\u00e9gel.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Dans la Premi\u00e8re Nation d\u2019Elsipogtog, il y a eu en moyenne 86 jours par ann\u00e9e avec un cycle de gel\u2011d\u00e9gel au cours de la p\u00e9riode allant de 1951 \u00e0 1980. Le nombre moyen de cycles de gel-d\u00e9gel annuels est d\u00e9j\u00e0 l\u00e9g\u00e8rement inf\u00e9rieur, avec une moyenne de 83 cycles de gel-d\u00e9gel au cours de la p\u00e9riode de 1981 \u00e0 2010. Le tableau suivant montre comment le nombre de cycles de gel\u2011d\u00e9gel devrait \u00e9voluer dans le temps selon qu\u2019on envisage un sc\u00e9nario d\u2019\u00e9missions faibles ou un sc\u00e9nario d\u2019\u00e9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es pour cette zone.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/climatlantic.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_7274-300×225.jpg” alt=”\u00c9rables avec les seaux et les entailles pour recueillir la s\u00e8ve en vue de la production du sirop d\u2019\u00e9rable. ” title_text=”IMG_7274″ _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

\u00c9rables avec les seaux et les entailles pour recueillir la s\u00e8ve en vue de la production du sirop d\u2019\u00e9rable.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”5px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”100%” module_alignment=”center” max_height=”1000px” border_color_all=”#FFFFFF” border_style_all=”none” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Nombre de cycles de gel-d\u00e9gel<\/h3>\n

(Premi\u00e8re Nation d\u2019Elsipogtog)<\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
P\u00e9riode<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Faibles \u00e9missions<\/h5>\n
(SSP2-4.5)<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u00c9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es<\/h5>\n
(SSP5-8.5)<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1951-1980<\/span><\/td>\n86<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1981-2010<\/span><\/td>\n83<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2011-2040<\/span><\/td>\n80<\/td>\n81<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2041-2070<\/span><\/td>\n77<\/td>\n78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2071-2100<\/span><\/td>\n77<\/td>\n70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

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Le nombre de cycles de gel-d\u00e9gel par ann\u00e9e devrait diminuer l\u00e9g\u00e8rement sur le territoire Mi\u2019kma\u2019ki. D\u2019ici la fin du si\u00e8cle, il pourrait \u00eatre plus habituel, selon un sc\u00e9nario de faibles \u00e9missions, de voir un total de 77 cycles de gel-d\u00e9gel par ann\u00e9e dans cette communaut\u00e9, ou de 70 cycles de gel-d\u00e9gel par ann\u00e9e dans un sc\u00e9nario d\u2019\u00e9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es. Avec l\u2019augmentation des temp\u00e9ratures, le calendrier de ces cycles de gel-d\u00e9gel pourrait \u00e9galement changer, avec plus de cycles de gel\u2011d\u00e9gel pendant l\u2019hiver et moins au printemps et \u00e0 l\u2019automne. L\u2019\u00e9volution du climat pourrait avoir une incidence \u00e0 la fois sur le moment o\u00f9 se fait la production de sirop d\u2019\u00e9rable dans la r\u00e9gion ainsi que sur la viabilit\u00e9 de cette pratique.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”2px||13px|||” da_disable_devices=”off|off|off” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” da_is_popup=”off” da_exit_intent=”off” da_has_close=”on” da_alt_close=”off” da_dark_close=”off” da_not_modal=”on” da_is_singular=”off” da_with_loader=”off” da_has_shadow=”on”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”1px||2px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_heading title=”F\u00e9vrier ” _builder_version=”4.23.4″ _module_preset=”default” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”#FFFFFF” background_color=”#238ACA” background_enable_image=”off” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”8px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_heading][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”338.6px” custom_padding=”||25px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Dans le calendrier mi’kmaw, la lune de f\u00e9vrier est connue sous le nom d’Apuknajit (ah-boo-gah-na-jit), la lune o\u00f9 la neige est \u00e9blouissante. Cette p\u00e9riode s’\u00e9tend approximativement du 3 f\u00e9vrier au 5 mars. Apuknajit est un esprit ou un sorcier mi\u2019kmaw l\u00e9gendaire qui peut se m\u00e9tamorphoser et prendre l’apparence de n’importe quel animal. Il est d\u2019usage, lors de cette pleine lune, de laisser de la nourriture en offrande \u00e0 Apuknajit afin d’assurer la survie de l’ensemble de l’\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me. Traditionnellement, c’est la p\u00e9riode la plus difficile de l’ann\u00e9e pour les Mi’kmaq, car les fortes chutes de neige rendent la chasse plus difficile. C’est aussi la p\u00e9riode la plus lumineuse de l’hiver, car le soleil se refl\u00e8te sur la neige, ce qui peut provoquer la c\u00e9cit\u00e9 des neiges, un coup de soleil douloureux qui affecte la corn\u00e9e de l’\u0153il.<\/p>\n

Dans la Premi\u00e8re Nation de Miawpukek (Conne River), il y avait en moyenne 50 jours de neige par ann\u00e9e entre 1951 et 1980. Les temp\u00e9ratures plus chaudes ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 l\u00e9g\u00e8rement r\u00e9duit le nombre de jours de neige, avec une moyenne de 47 jours de chute de neige pour la p\u00e9riode 1981-2010. Le tableau suivant montre comment le nombre de jours de neige devrait \u00e9voluer au fil du temps selon qu\u2019on envisage un sc\u00e9nario d’\u00e9missions faibles ou un sc\u00e9nario d\u2019\u00e9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es pour cette r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/climatlantic.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Birch-Brook-1-300×174.jpg” alt=”Image prise du haut d'une colline enneig\u00e9e. On aper\u00e7oit au loin des arbres et une \u00e9tendue d'eau. Il y a des traces de pas dans la neige et le soleil brille.” title_text=”Birch Brook” _builder_version=”4.24.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Birch Brook, Labrador.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”5px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”100%” module_alignment=”center” max_height=”1000px” border_color_all=”#FFFFFF” border_style_all=”none” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Nombre de jours de neige<\/h3>\n

(Premi\u00e8re Nation Miawpukek)<\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
P\u00e9riode <\/b><\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
Faibles \u00e9missions (SSP2-4.5)<\/b><\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u00c9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es (SSP5-8.5)<\/b><\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1951-1980<\/span><\/td>\n50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1981-2010<\/span><\/td>\n47<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2011-2040<\/span><\/td>\n41<\/td>\n39<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2041-2070<\/span><\/td>\n34<\/td>\n31<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2071-2100<\/span><\/td>\n31<\/td>\n21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9chauffement des hivers r\u00e9duira consid\u00e9rablement la fr\u00e9quence des chutes de neige sur le territoire Mi’kma’ki, car les pr\u00e9cipitations tomberont sous forme de pluie si les temp\u00e9ratures sont sup\u00e9rieures au point de cong\u00e9lation. D’ici la fin du si\u00e8cle, selon un sc\u00e9nario de faibles \u00e9missions, il pourrait y avoir dans cette communaut\u00e9 une moyenne de 31 jours de neige par ann\u00e9e, ou de seulement 21 jours de neige par ann\u00e9e selon un sc\u00e9nario d’\u00e9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es. Avec la diminution du nombre de jours de neige, les hivers de la r\u00e9gion auront un tout autre visage et une allure tout \u00e0 fait diff\u00e9rente.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”2px||13px|||” da_disable_devices=”off|off|off” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” da_is_popup=”off” da_exit_intent=”off” da_has_close=”on” da_alt_close=”off” da_dark_close=”off” da_not_modal=”on” da_is_singular=”off” da_with_loader=”off” da_has_shadow=”on”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”1px||2px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_heading title=”Janvier” _builder_version=”4.23.4″ _module_preset=”default” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”#FFFFFF” background_color=”#238ACA” background_enable_image=”off” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”8px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_heading][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”338.6px” custom_padding=”||25px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.23.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Dans le calendrier mi’kmaw, la lune de janvier est connue sous le nom de Punamujuiku’s (boo-na-moo-jooey-goos), la lune du poulamon (poisson gel\u00e9). Cette p\u00e9riode s’\u00e9tend approximativement du 5 janvier au 3 f\u00e9vrier. C’est l’\u00e9poque o\u00f9 les punamu (poulamons) remontent les estuaires pour frayer. La p\u00eache au poulamon \u00e9tait une source de nourriture importante pour les Mi’kmaq \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cette p\u00e9riode co\u00efncide g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement avec le jour le plus froid de l’ann\u00e9e. Dans la Premi\u00e8re Nation de Sipekne’katik, la temp\u00e9rature moyenne la plus froide de l’ann\u00e9e a \u00e9t\u00e9 de -25,3 <\/span>o<\/span>C entre 1951 et 1980. La temp\u00e9rature la plus froide a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u00e9g\u00e8rement moins \u00e9lev\u00e9e au cours de la p\u00e9riode de 1981 \u00e0 2010, avec -24,2 <\/span>o<\/span>C. Le tableau suivant montre comment la temp\u00e9rature la plus froide de l’ann\u00e9e devrait \u00e9voluer au fil du temps selon des sc\u00e9narios d’\u00e9missions faibles et d\u2019\u00e9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es pour cette r\u00e9gion.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/climatlantic.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tomcod-AllenGinter-The-Metropolitan-Museum-of-Art-RawPixel-1024×560.jpg” alt=”Peinture \u00e0 l'aquarelle d'un poisson jaune verd\u00e2tre dont la bouche rouge est ouverte.” title_text=”Tomcod-Allen+Ginter-The Metropolitan Museum of Art-RawPixel” _builder_version=”4.23.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Illustration de poulamon tir\u00e9e de la s\u00e9rie “Fish from American Waters (N8)” publi\u00e9e par Allen & Ginter. Cr\u00e9dit : The Metropolitan Museum of Art\/RawPixel.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”5px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”100%” module_alignment=”center” max_height=”1000px” border_color_all=”#FFFFFF” border_style_all=”none” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Temp\u00e9rature la plus froide de l\u2019ann\u00e9e
(Premi\u00e8re Nation de Sipekne\u2019katik)<\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
P\u00e9riode<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Faibles \u00e9missions<\/h5>\n
(SSP2-4.5)<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u00c9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es<\/h5>\n
(SSP5-8.5)<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1951-1980<\/span><\/td>\n-25.3\u00b0<\/span>C<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1981-2010<\/span><\/td>\n-24.2\u00b0<\/span>C<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2011-2040<\/span><\/td>\n-21.6\u00b0<\/span>C<\/span><\/td>\n-21.5\u00b0<\/span>C<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2041-2070<\/span><\/td>\n-19.4\u00b0<\/span>C<\/span><\/td>\n-18.0\u00b0<\/span>C<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2071-2100<\/span><\/td>\n-17.6\u00b0<\/span>C<\/span><\/td>\n-13.3\u00b0<\/span>C<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Cette r\u00e9duction des froids extr\u00eames est l’un des effets les plus notables des changements climatiques sur le territoire Mi’kma’ki. M\u00eame en suivant un sc\u00e9nario relativement optimiste de faibles \u00e9missions, le jour le plus froid de l’ann\u00e9e dans cette r\u00e9gion pourrait \u00eatre plus chaud de pr\u00e8s de 8 degr\u00e9s d’ici la fin du si\u00e8cle. Dans un sc\u00e9nario d’\u00e9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es, le jour le plus froid typique pourrait \u00eatre plus chaud de 12 degr\u00e9s. Si les froids extr\u00eames peuvent pr\u00e9senter des risques pour la sant\u00e9 humaine pour ceux qui ne sont pas suffisamment pr\u00e9par\u00e9s, les temp\u00e9ratures hivernales froides sont importantes pour de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces indig\u00e8nes et pour les processus environnementaux.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”2px||13px|||” da_disable_devices=”off|off|off” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” da_is_popup=”off” da_exit_intent=”off” da_has_close=”on” da_alt_close=”off” da_dark_close=”off” da_not_modal=”on” da_is_singular=”off” da_with_loader=”off” da_has_shadow=”on”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”1px||2px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_heading title=”d\u00e9cembre” _builder_version=”4.23.1″ _module_preset=”default” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”#FFFFFF” background_color=”#238ACA” background_enable_image=”off” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”8px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_heading][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”338.6px” custom_padding=”||25px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.23.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Kesikewiku\u2019s (ges-ig-gay-we-goos), la lune d\u2019hiver. Cette p\u00e9riode s\u2019\u00e9tend approximativement du 6 d\u00e9cembre au 5 janvier et comprend le solstice d\u2019hiver, le jour le plus court de l\u2019ann\u00e9e et la pleine lune qui monte le plus haut dans le ciel. Les conditions hivernales typiques du territoire Mi\u2019kma\u2019ki comprennent des temp\u00e9ratures de l\u2019air plus froides, des eaux glaciales et des chutes de neige.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c0 mesure que le climat se r\u00e9chauffe, ces conditions hivernales typiques deviennent moins courantes. Dans la Premi\u00e8re Nation Abegweit, la temp\u00e9rature moyenne en hiver (Kesik) \u00e9tait de -5,8 <\/span>o<\/span>C entre 1951 et 1980. D\u00e9j\u00e0, la temp\u00e9rature hivernale moyenne a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u00e9g\u00e8rement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e au cours de la p\u00e9riode suivante (1981-2010), avec une moyenne de -5,2 <\/span>o<\/span>C. Le tableau suivant montre comment la temp\u00e9rature hivernale moyenne devrait \u00e9voluer au fil du temps dans le cadre de sc\u00e9narios d\u2019\u00e9missions faibles et d\u2019\u00e9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es pour cette zone.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/climatlantic.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/CLIMAtlantic-Emma-Poirier-1-300×169.jpg” alt=”Sc\u00e8ne hivernale enneig\u00e9e du Passage de l'Est, N.-\u00c9.” title_text=”CLIMAtlantic-David-Jones-Passage-Est-N\u00c9” _builder_version=”4.23.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.23.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Photo prise par un drone de Eastern Passage, en Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse, en f\u00e9vrier 2023. Avec l\u2019aimable autorisation de David Jones.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”5px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”100%” module_alignment=”center” max_height=”1000px” border_color_all=”#FFFFFF” border_style_all=”none” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Temp\u00e9rature moyenne en hiver (Premi\u00e8re Nation Abegweit)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
P\u00e9riode<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Faibles \u00e9missions<\/h5>\n
(SSP2-4.5)<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u00c9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es<\/h5>\n
(SSP5-8.5)<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1951-1980<\/span><\/td>\n-5.8\u00b0<\/span>C<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1981-2010<\/span><\/td>\n-5.2\u00b0<\/span>C<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2011-2040<\/span><\/td>\n-3.6\u00b0<\/span>C<\/span><\/td>\n-3.3\u00b0<\/span>C<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2041-2070<\/span><\/td>\n-2.2\u00b0<\/span>C<\/span><\/td>\n-1.2\u00b0<\/span>C<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2071-2100<\/span><\/td>\n-1.1\u00b0<\/span>C<\/span><\/td>\n0.9\u00b0<\/span>C<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.23.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

La saison du Kesik (hiver) est la p\u00e9riode de l\u2019ann\u00e9e qui se r\u00e9chauffe le plus rapidement. Par rapport \u00e0 la normale historique, d\u2019ici la fin du si\u00e8cle, les hivers pourraient \u00eatre plus chauds d\u2019environ 4,7 \u00b0C selon un sc\u00e9nario de faibles \u00e9missions, et de 6,7 \u00b0C selon un sc\u00e9nario d\u2019\u00e9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es. Des hivers plus doux signifient qu\u2019en moyenne, les communaut\u00e9s du territoire Mi\u2019kma\u2019ki conna\u00eetront plus fr\u00e9quemment des temp\u00e9ratures au-dessus de z\u00e9ro (0 <\/span>o<\/span>C), moins d\u2019\u00e9pisodes de froid extr\u00eame et moins de neige et de glace.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”2px||13px|||” da_disable_devices=”off|off|off” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” da_is_popup=”off” da_exit_intent=”off” da_has_close=”on” da_alt_close=”off” da_dark_close=”off” da_not_modal=”on” da_is_singular=”off” da_with_loader=”off” da_has_shadow=”on”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”1px||2px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_heading title=”novembre” _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”#FFFFFF” background_color=”#238ACA” background_enable_image=”off” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”8px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_heading][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”338.6px” custom_padding=”||25px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Dans le calendrier mi\u2019kmaw, la lune de novembre est connue sous le nom de Keptekewiku\u2019s (geb-deg-gay-we-goos), la lune du gel des rivi\u00e8res. Le gel des rivi\u00e8res survient environ entre le 7\u00a0novembre et le 6 d\u00e9cembre. C\u2019est \u00e0 ce moment que les temp\u00e9ratures commen\u00e7aient \u00e0 chuter r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement en dessous de 0 <\/span>o<\/span>C et que les eaux de surface du territoire Mi\u2019kma\u2019ki commen\u00e7aient \u00e0 s\u2019englacer.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dans la Premi\u00e8re Nation de Natoaganeg (Eel Ground), sur la rivi\u00e8re Miramichi, il y a eu en moyenne 80 jours de glace par an entre 1951 et 1980. On entend par jours de glace les jours o\u00f9 les temp\u00e9ratures restent sous le point de cong\u00e9lation pendant toute la journ\u00e9e, ce qui signifie qu\u2019une glace plus \u00e9paisse et plus stable peut se former et persister. Avec le r\u00e9chauffement du climat, le nombre de jours de glace a d\u00e9j\u00e0 commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diminuer. Au cours de la p\u00e9riode 1981-2010, on a typiquement vu plut\u00f4t 75 jours de glace. Le tableau suivant montre comment le nombre de jours de glace pour cette r\u00e9gion devrait \u00e9voluer au fil du temps dans le cadre de sc\u00e9narios d\u2019\u00e9missions faibles et d\u2019\u00e9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/climatlantic.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Winter-on-the-Kennebecasis-River-Hampton-New-Brunswick-Canada-Greenseas-Getty.png” alt=”Sc\u00e8ne de rivi\u00e8re en hiver, avec de la glace recouvrant une partie de l'eau et de la neige sur les arbres et le sol.” title_text=”CLIMAtlantic-Kennebecasis-winter” _builder_version=”4.23.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Source de l\u2019image : <\/span><\/i>L\u2019hiver sur la rivi\u00e8re Kennebecasis, Hampton, Nouveau-Brunswick, Canada \u2014 Greenseas, Images Getty \/Canva<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”5px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” border_color_all=”#565656″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Nombre de jours de glace par ann\u00e9e (Premi\u00e8re Nation Natoaganeg)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
P\u00e9riode<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Faibles \u00e9missions<\/h5>\n
(SSP2-4.5)<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u00c9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es<\/h5>\n
(SSP5-8.5)<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1950-1980<\/span><\/td>\n80<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1980-2010<\/span><\/td>\n75<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2011-2040<\/span><\/td>\n62<\/span><\/td>\n60<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2041-2070<\/span><\/td>\n50<\/span><\/td>\n41<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2071-2100<\/span><\/td>\n42<\/span><\/td>\n22<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.23.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Par rapport \u00e0 la normale historique, le nombre de jours de glace devrait diminuer de pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 d\u2019ici la fin du si\u00e8cle selon un sc\u00e9nario de faibles \u00e9missions. Par ailleurs, suivant un sc\u00e9nario d\u2019\u00e9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es, il pourrait n\u2019y avoir, d\u2019ici 2100, qu\u2019un quart du nombre de jours de glace par rapport \u00e0 ce qu\u2019on voyait auparavant. La diminution du nombre de jours de glace peut impliquer un englacement plus tardif en hiver, ce qui pourrait signifier que les rivi\u00e8res ne g\u00e8lent pas de mani\u00e8re constante ni pendant aussi longtemps. Cet \u00e9tat de choses pourrait avoir des r\u00e9percussions sur les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes d\u2019eau douce et les pratiques culturelles telles que la p\u00eache sur la glace.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”2px||13px|||” da_disable_devices=”off|off|off” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” da_is_popup=”off” da_exit_intent=”off” da_has_close=”on” da_alt_close=”off” da_dark_close=”off” da_not_modal=”on” da_is_singular=”off” da_with_loader=”off” da_has_shadow=”on”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”1px||2px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_heading title=”octobre” _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”#FFFFFF” background_color=”#238ACA” background_enable_image=”off” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”8px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_heading][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”338.6px” custom_padding=”||25px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Dans le calendrier mi\u2019kmaw, la lune d\u2019octobre est connue sous le nom de Wikewiku\u2019s (wig-gay-we-goos), qui signifie la lune d\u2019engraissement des animaux. Cette p\u00e9riode s\u2019\u00e9tend approximativement du 8\u00a0octobre au 7 novembre. C\u2019est l\u2019\u00e9poque o\u00f9 les animaux du territoire Mi\u2019kma\u2019ki s\u2019alimentent pour faire des r\u00e9serves de gras en pr\u00e9vision du long et froid hiver \u00e0 venir.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019un des principaux indicateurs de l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de l\u2019hiver pendant cette p\u00e9riode est le premier gel de l\u2019automne. Entre 1951 et 1980, dans la Premi\u00e8re Nation de Bear River, le premier gel d\u2019automne s\u2019est produit en moyenne le 12 octobre. Avec le changement climatique, ce premier gel survient plus tard; le 17 octobre \u00e9tant une date repr\u00e9sentative au cours de la p\u00e9riode 1981-2010. Le tableau suivant montre comment la date du premier gel d\u2019automne devrait \u00e9voluer au fil du temps, compte tenu de sc\u00e9narios d\u2019\u00e9missions faibles ou d\u2019\u00e9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es pour cette r\u00e9gion.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/climatlantic.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Mikmaw-moons-3-e1696352800460.png” alt=”Une parcelle de plantes vertes couvertes de givre sur le sol, avec une feuille orange tomb\u00e9e au sol.” title_text=”CLIMAtlantic-Mi'kmaw-moons-Oct” _builder_version=”4.23.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Cr\u00e9dit photo : Daizuoxin de Getty Images\/Canva<\/p>\n

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\n

Date du premier gel d\u2019automne (Premi\u00e8re Nation de Bear River)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
P\u00e9riode<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Faibles \u00e9missions<\/h5>\n
(SSP2-4.5)<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u00c9missions \u00e9lev\u00e9es<\/h5>\n
(SSP5-8.5)<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1950-1980<\/span><\/td>\n12 octobre<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1980-2010<\/span><\/td>\n17 octobre<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2011-2040<\/span><\/td>\n28 octobre<\/span><\/td>\n28 octobre<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2041-2070<\/span><\/td>\n2 novembre<\/span><\/td>\n10 novembre<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2071-2100<\/span><\/td>\n8 novembre<\/span><\/td>\n24 novembre<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n

Le premier \u00e9pisode de gel de l\u2019automne, qui survient plusieurs semaines plus tard dans l\u2019ann\u00e9e, peut avoir une incidence sur le moment et la mani\u00e8re dont les animaux se pr\u00e9parent \u00e0 l\u2019hiver. Il est possible que la nourriture soit plus abondante plus tard dans l\u2019ann\u00e9e et que les hivers soient moins longs ou moins rigoureux. Certains animaux peuvent \u00eatre en mesure d\u2019adapter leur comportement \u00e0 ces conditions changeantes, mais d\u2019autres auront du mal \u00e0 faire face au rythme rapide de changement climatique.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Alex Cadel, notre sp\u00e9cialiste des services climatiques en Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse, explore le calendrier mi’kmaw du point de vue de l’\u00e9volution du climat, en analysant les tendances des donn\u00e9es relatives \u00e0 chaque lune.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":9759,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[37,60,43,48],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-adaptation","category-blog","category-changements-climatiques","category-les-lunes-selon-la-tradition-mikmaw"],"yoast_head":"\nLes lunes selon la tradition mi\u2019kmaw - CLIMAtlantic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/climatlantic.panchroma.dev\/fr\/blog\/les-lunes-selon-la-tradition-mikmaw\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les lunes selon la tradition mi\u2019kmaw - 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